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VW Transporter repair workshop manual

The Volkswagen Transporter, based found on the Volkswagen Group's T platform, today inside its fifth generation, pertains with a series of vans yielded over 60 years plus advertised internationally. The T series is today considered an official Volkswagen Group automotive platform. The

The Volkswagen Transporter, based found on the Volkswagen Group's T platform, today inside its fifth generation, pertains with a series of vans yielded over 60 years plus advertised internationally.

The T series is today considered an official Volkswagen Group automotive platform. plus decades are sequentially called T1, T2, T3, T4 plus T5. Pre-dating the T platform designations, the initially 3 decades were called Type 2, indicating their relative position with the Type 1, or Beetle. As element of the T platform, the initial 3 decades are retroactively called T1, T2 plus T3.

The Transporter range of light commercial cars include a gamut of variants including vans, minivans, minibuses, pick-ups, campervans. Competitors include the Ford Transit, Toyota Hiace plus Mercedes-Benz Vito.

The Volkswagen Type 2, recognized officially because the Transporter, Kombi or Microbus, or, informally, because the Bus or Camper, is a panel van introduced inside 1950 by the German automaker Volkswagen because its next auto model. After - plus initially deriving from Volkswagen's initially model, the Type 1 - it was provided the factory designation Type 2.

As among the forerunners of the contemporary cargo plus passenger vans, the Type 2 gave rise with forward control competitors inside the United States inside the 1960s, including the Ford Econoline, the Dodge A100, as well as the Chevrolet Corvair 95 Corvan, the latter adopting the Type 2's rear-engine configuration. European competition included the 1960s FF design Renault Estafette as well as the FR design Ford Transit.

Like the Beetle, the van has received many nicknames worldwide, including the "microbus", "minibus", plus, as a result of its recognition throughout the counterculture movement of the 1960s, "Hippie van".

Brazil contained the last factory inside the globe which yielded the T2. Production inside Brazil ceased about December 31, 2013, due with the introduction of more stringent protection laws inside the nation. This marks the finish of a era with all the rear-engine Volkswagens produced, that initially originated inside 1935 with their Type 1 prototypes.

The concept for the Type 2 is credited with Dutch Volkswagen importer Ben Pon. Pon visited Wolfsburg inside 1946, intending with buy Type 1s for import with the Netherlands, where he saw an improvised parts-mover plus realized anything better was potential utilizing the stock Type 1 pan. He initially sketched the van inside a doodle dated April 23, 1947, proposing a payload of 690 kg plus placing the driver at the front. Production might need to wait, though, because the factory was at ability producing the Type 1.

Whenever capability freed up a prototype acknowledged internally because the Type 29 was yielded inside a brief 3 months. The stock Type 1 pan proven with be too weak thus the prototype selected a ladder chassis with device body construction. Coincidentally the wheelbase was the same because the Type 1's. Engineers reused the reduction gear within the Type 81, permitting the 1.5 lot van with utilize a 25 hp flat 4 engine.

Although the aerodynamics of the initial prototypes were bad, technicians chosen the wind tunnel at the Technical University of Braunschweig with optimize the shape. Easy changes including splitting the windshield plus roofline into a "vee" aided the creation Type 2 achieve a drag coefficient of 0.44, exceeding the Type 1's 0.48. Volkswagen's new chief executive officer Heinz Nordhoff approved the van for creation about 19 May 1949 as well as the initially creation model, today designated Type 2, rolled off the assembly line with debut 12 November. Just 2 models were offered: the Kombi, as well as the Commercial. The Microbus was added inside May 1950, joined by the Deluxe Microbus inside June 1951. In all 9,541 Type 2s were yielded inside their initially year of manufacturing.

An ambulance model was added inside December 1951 that repositioned the gas tank inside front of the transaxle, place the spare tire behind the front seat, plus added a "tailgate"-style back door. These qualities became standard found on the Type 2 from 1955 with 1967. 11,805 Type 2s were integrated the 1951 model year. These were joined with a single-cab pickup inside August 1952, plus it changed the smallest of the Type 2s till all were seriously modified inside 1968.

Unlike alternative back engine Volkswagens, that evolved regularly over time however, not saw the introduction of all-new models, the Transporter not just evolved, nevertheless was completely revised periodically with variations retrospectively called versions "T1" with "T5" But just decades T1 with T3 is enjoyed because straight connected with the Beetle.

The Type 2, together with the 1947 Citroën H Van, are amidst the initial 'forward control' vans inside that the driver was located above the front roadwheels. They began a trend inside Europe, where the 1952 GM Bedford CA, 1958 RAF-977, 1959 Renault Estafette, 1960 BMC Morris J4, plus 1960 Commer FC equally employed the idea. In the United States, the Corvair-based Chevrolet Corvan cargo van plus Greenbrier passenger van went thus far because with copy the Type 2's rear-engine design, utilizing the Corvair's horizontally opposed, air-cooled engine for force. Except for the Greenbrier plus different 1950s–70s Fiat minivans, the Type 2 stayed specific inside being rear-engined. This had been a drawback for the early "barndoor" Panel Vans, that couldn't conveniently be loaded within the back considering the engine cover intruded about inside area, however usually advantageous inside traction plus inside sound.

In late 1967, the next generation of the Volkswagen Type 2 was introduced. It was integrated Germany till 1979. In Mexico, the Volkswagen Kombi plus Panel were yielded from 1970 with 1994. Models before 1971 are usually called the T2a, when models following 1972 are called the T2b.

This second-generation Type 2 lost its distinctive split front windshield, plus was somewhat bigger plus considerably heavier than its predecessor. Its popular nicknames are Breadloaf plus Bay-window, or Loaf plus Bay for brief. At 1.6 L plus 35 kW DIN, the engine was moreover somewhat greater. The fresh model furthermore did away with all the swing axle back suspension plus transfer boxes earlier employed with raise ride height. Instead, half-shaft axles fitted with continual velocity joints raised ride height without the wild changes inside camber of the Beetle-based swing axle suspension. The up-to-date Bus transaxle is normally popular by off-road racers utilizing air-cooled Volkswagen components.
1973–1980 Volkswagen Kombi van
T2 chosen because an ambulance inside Brazil

The T2b was introduced through progressive change over 3 years. The initial models showcased rounded bumpers incorporating a step for utilize whenever the door was open, front doorways which opened with 90° within the body, no lip found on the front guards, distinctive engine hatches, plus crescent air intakes inside the D-pillars. The 1971 Type 2 showcased a fresh, 1.6 L engine with double consumption ports about every cylinder head plus was DIN-rated at 37 kW. An significant change came with all the introduction of front disk brakes plus new roadwheels with brake ventilation holes plus flatter hubcaps. Up till 1972, front indicators are set low found on the nose instead of excellent about either side of the fresh air grille – offering rise with their being nicknamed "Lower Lights". 1972's many prominent change had been a bigger engine compartment to suit the greater 1.7- with 2.0-litre motors within the Volkswagen Type 4, along with a redesigned back end that eliminated the removable back apron plus introduced the greater late tail lights. The air inlets were moreover enlarged to support the improved cooling air requires of the greater machines.

In 1971 the 1600cc Type 1 engine because chosen inside the Beetle, was supplemented with all the 1700cc Type 4 engine – because it was initially tailored for the Type 4 models. European vans kept the possibility of upright enthusiast Type 1 1600 engine however, the 1700 Type 4 became standard for US spec models.
Pre-facelift plus facelifted Volkswagen Kombi vans

In the Type 2, the Type 4 engine was an alternative for the 1972 model year forward. This engine was standard inside models destined for the US plus Canada. Just with all the Type 4 engine did an automatic transmission become accessible for the first-time inside the 1973 model year. Both machines displaced 1.7 L, DIN-rated at 49 kW with all the guide transmission plus 46 kW with all the automatic. The Type 4 engine was enlarged with 1.8 L plus 50 kW DIN for the 1974 model year plus again with 2.0 L plus 52 kW DIN for the 1976 model year. The 1978 2.0 L today showcased hydraulic valve lifters, eliminating the requirement with periodically change the valve clearances because about earlier models. The 1975 plus later U.S. model years received Bosch L-Jetronic electronic gas injection because standard equipment; 1978 was the initial year for electronic ignition, using the hall impact sensor plus digital controller, eliminating maintenance-requiring contact-breaker points. As with all Transporter motors, the focus inside development wasn't about force, yet about low-end torque. The Type 4 machines were considerably more robust plus durable than the Type 1 motors, especially inside Transporter service.

In 1972, for the 1973 model year, outdoor revisions included relocated front turn indicators, squared off plus set high inside the valance, above the headlights. Additionally, square-profiled bumpers, that became standard till the finish of the T2 inside 1979, were introduced inside 1973. Crash protection improved with this change as a result of a compressible structure behind the front bumper. This meant which the T2b was capable of meeting US protection specifications for passenger vehicles of the time, though not needed of vans. The "VW" emblem found on the front valance became somewhat small.

Later model changes were mainly mechanical. By 1974, the T2 had gained its final form. Really late inside the T2's shape existence, throughout the late 1970s, the initial prototypes of Type 2 vans with four-wheel drive were built plus tested.

The Volkswagen Type 2 was the 3rd generation of the Volkswagen Transporter plus was advertised below many nameplates worldwide – including because the Transporter or Caravelle inside Europe, Microbus inside South Africa, plus because the Vanagon inside North plus South America.

Larger plus heavier than its predecessor, the T2, – plus with a more squared plus less rounded styling – the T3 was produced inside Germany from 1979 till 1992. South African creation of the T3 continued, for which marketplace just, till 2002. The T3 was the final generation of rear-engined Volkswagens.

After the T2, the T2/3 - Transporter 2 Generation 3 - initially showcased air-cooled plus subsequently water-cooled motors. Versions yielded inside South Africa from 1990 till 2002 showcased an Audi five-cylinder engine.

Volkswagen advertised the Westfalia camper variant throughout the T3 creation, with qualities including a pop up rooftop, fridge, sink, plus stove.

Examples built between 1980 plus 1985 featured round headlights plus chrome-plated steel bumpers with plastic end-caps. Air-cooled models shortage the lower grill above the radiator of the water-cooled models, except about models with factory air conditioner. 1986 model year cars received revisions including a tachometer, more cloth options, redesigned air conditioner, bigger water-cooled engine with a more advanced engine administration program, plus redesigned transmissions including an optional syncro four-wheel drive. Exterior changes include rectangular headlights plus different paint choices. Alloy wheels, greater plus squarer plastic bumpers with trim over the rocker panels were optional, plus standard equipment about Wolfsburg Edition vans. For 1990 plus 1991 model years, a "Carat" trim level was accessible that included all accessible choices.

All 1980 plus several 1981 models had 8 welded-in metal slats covering the engine ventilation passages behind the back windows. Later models had black plastic 16-slat covers which slotted inside at the best plus screwed down at the bottom.

During the 1980s, the U.S. Army plus Air Force inside Germany selected T3's because administrative cars. In military utilize, the vehicle's nomenclature was "Light Truck, Commercial".

Porsche has built a adaptation called B32 inside a limited edition. The van, based found on the luxurious Carat model, was loaded with the 231 PS 3.2 liter Carrera engine plus was initially developed with help Porsche's testing escapades inside Algeria. Ten of these were built, with several available by Porsche with specialized clients. Porsche themselves equally chosen the Porsche-engined bus with transport staff fast. Top speed was about 135 mph, though Porsche just stated 116 mph with guarantee which the numbers can be replicated with 9 persons inside the vehicle plus with all the air conditioner about full blast.

Oettinger has developed a six-cylinder variation called WBX6. The engine is produced within the "Wasserboxer" engine plus has various well-known components with it. The development of the engine was initially contracted with Oettinger by VW. Oettinger purchased the rights whenever VW decided to not employ it.

With the internal combustion engine plus transaxle installed low inside the back, the T3 had much bigger disk brakes inside the front, plus drums inside the back. Axle fat is truly almost equal on both the front plus back ends of the car. Unlike the T2 before it, the T3 was accessible with facilities including energy steering, air conditioner, force door locks, electrically controlled plus heated mirrors, lighted vanity mirrors, along with a light above the glove box.

The automatic became a standard hydraulic three-speed device, the same 090/010 device because selected inside Audis of the era. These showcased a cast aluminium alloy case for the transmission section, along with a cast iron case for the final drive section.

The 091 guide transmission had been a four-speed device, featuring a lightweight aluminium alloy case; later waterboxers had 5-speed transmission fitted because standard.

The automatic attributes a 1.0 ratio top gear, when the guide qualities a 0.85 top gear.

The oil filler tube for the engine is positioned behind the flip-down license plate door. Many early vans had a twist-on/off fuel limit proper found on the outside simply below plus behind the passenger side door. A locking limit was optional. The spare tyre lies inside a tray below the front of the van, only under the radiator.

There were 4 general petrol engine variants between 1979 plus 1991, with many sub-models. All were overhead-valve push-rod horizontally opposed four-cylinder machines. Available engine choices differed between areas. Aftermarket VW expert Oettinger equally available the WBX6, a six-cylinder adaptation.

Air-cooled
1.6 L air-cooled, single Solex 34 PICT-4 carburettor, accessible about non-USA models
2.0 L air-cooled, twin Solex 34 PDSIT-2/3 carburettor or gas injected flat-four inside the 1980 with 1983½ models
Water-cooled
1.9 litre engines:
1.9 L water-cooled engine employed for the 1983½ with 1985 models, that chosen a gas injection program termed as "Digijet"
1.9 L 8.6:1 compression ratio, 34-PICT carburetor
1.9 L 8.6:1 compression ratio, 2E3 or 2E4 carburetor
1.9 L 7.5:1 compression ratio, 34-PICT carburetor
1.9 L 8.6:1 compression ratio, Bosch Digijet electronic gas injection
2.1 Litre engines:
2.1 L Wasserboxer, selected till the finish of Vanagon importation into the US inside 1991. This engine employed a more advanced engine administration program well-known as Bosch "Digifant I" that today digitally managed ignition timing plus gas delivery.
2.1 L 9:1 compression ratio Wasserboxer
2.1 L 10:1 compression ratio, Digijet injection, just available inside European nations not requiring catalytic converter.

The Wasserboxer showcased an aluminum case, cylinder heads, plus pistons, along with a forged steel crankshaft. The Wasserboxer, because with all VW boxer machines has a gear-driven valvetrain. It additionally showcased Heron, or "bowl-in-piston" sort combustion chambers where the combustion occurs in the piston location, plus not inside the cylinder head.

The switch with water-cooling for the boxer machines was produced mid-year inside 1983. The past generation T2, currently yielded inside Brazil, has been flipped with water-cooled machines because 2005.

Oettinger WBX6
3.2 L VW-Oettinger Wasserboxer, gas injected.
3.7 L VW-Oettinger Wasserboxer, gas injected.

The six-cylinder engine because utilized inside the VW Oettinger WBX6 was developed by VW inside combination with Oettinger for utilize inside the T3. Whenever VW abandoned the project Oettinger took the shape, processed it plus place it available. As such the six-cylinder shares various components with all the four-cylinder Wasserboxer.

US Vanagon model variations included the Vanagon, featuring plastic seats along with a spartan interior; the Vanagon L with optional fabric seats, more upscale interior panels, plus an optional dashboard blower; the Vanagon GL with more equipment, as well as the Westfalia pop-top camper Vanagons, that came inside 2 versions. A Camper variation with integrated kitchen, complete with fridge, the 2 burner stove, plus stainless steel sink with onboard water provide. A fold down back bench seat converted with a bed as well as the pop-top included a fold out bed; these models might rest 4 adults. A 'Weekender ' variation that lacked the fridge, propane stove, plus sink of the full 'camper' versions available an optional removable cabinet with a 12 volt cooler plus self-contained sink. In 1984, the Wolfsburg edition was configured with a back bench seat plus 2 forward facing center seats. Under the bench seat, that folded right down to create full size bed, had been a storage compartment along with a back heater.

Wolfsburg Edition "Weekender" models showcased 2 back facing seats behind the front seats inside region of the centre bench seat along with a table which might fold up within the sidewall – or fold down whenever not used. "Multivan" models showcased Wolfsburg Edition trim plus an inside with rear-facing seats. Wolfsburg Edition plus camper van cars were outfitted for Volkswagen by the Westfalia factory.

Syncros models were produced inside limited numbers from 1985 by 1992, with all the four-wheel drive program added by Steyr-Daimler-Puch Works inside Graz, Austria. With a brief wheelbase plus 48/52 front/rear fat distribution.

Model years 1980 with 1985 had round sealed beam headlights. Subsequent models for North American plus European markets had round sealed beam headlights or small square headlights, with all the main lights outboard plus significant beams inboard. Later models from South Africa returned with round headlight housings for both the main headlights plus high-beams.

The T3 was changed by the T4 inside the US marketplace inside 1993. Top-of-the-line Wolfsburg Edition Westfalia Campers, that had all choices, were at the best of the cost range. Additionally to the camper models, a Carat trim level was accessible for 1990 plus 1991 model years. This model included all choices accessible for the Transporter configuration. Many models had optional aluminum alloy wheels.

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